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Why Public Blockchains Deliver Much Lower Throughput Than Their Theoretical Limits
On January 17, 2026, an analysis explained why public blockchains like Bitcoin and Ethereum deliver much lower throughput in practice than their theoretical benchmarks suggest. Because networks must balance security, decentralization, and scalability, real-world performance is constrained by consensus design, propagation delays, mempool congestion, and conservative block size choices, though users can partially mitigate these limits with Layer-2 solutions and fee strategies.