Kuwait produced 1.971 million barrels of crude oil per day in July, up from 1.65 million bpd in June and 580,000 bpd in May, reflecting the completion of OPEC+’s output-cut reversal. Over the same period, Kazakhstan’s production fell sharply after Ukrainian drone attacks hit Russia’s Black Sea port of Novorossiysk, triggering repeated CPC pipeline stoppages. The disruptions cut Kazakhstan’s output from over 2 million bpd in June to about 1 million bpd in late July, creating a short-term supply shock alongside structural supply increases.