Netherlands Advances Box 3 Law to Tax Actual Investment Returns and Unrealized Gains in 2028

On 10 March 2026, Dutch officials confirmed they are pressing ahead with the "Actual Return in Box 3 Act," a reform that would tax annual investment returns at about 36%, including unrealized gains on assets such as stocks, bonds and cryptocurrencies. The bill has already cleared the House of Representatives and is under Senate review, with a phased transition planned from 2025 to 2028 and potential longer-term changes toward taxing only realized capital gains after 2028.